一、 Izimbangela ezivamile ezithinta ukuphela kwendawo yokusakaza
1. Ukwakheka kwezinto ezingavuthiwe, njengesihlabathi sokubumba, kuhlukaniswe kube yindilinga, isikwele kanye nonxantathu. Okubi kakhulu kunonxantathu, kunezikhala ezinkulu ikakhulukazi (uma kuyimodeli yesihlabathi se-resin, inani le-resin eyengeziwe nalo lizokhula, futhi yiqiniso ukuthi inani legesi lizokwanda ngesikhathi esifanayo. kulula ukwenza izimbotshana), okungcono kakhulu isihlabathi esiyindilinga. Uma kuyisihlabathi se-powder yamalahle, isilinganiso sesihlabathi (amandla nomswakama wesihlabathi) sinomthelela omkhulu ekubukeni. Uma kuyisihlabathi esiqinile se-carbon dioxide, khona-ke kuncike kakhulu ekuhlanganiseni.
2. Indaba. Uma isilinganiso samakhemikhali sokubunjwa singalingani, njenge-manganese ephansi, kulula ukuxega futhi izinto ezingaphezulu zizoba lukhuni.
3. Uhlelo lokusakaza. Uma uhlelo lokulingisa lungenangqondo, luzoholela kalula ekubunjweni okuxekethile. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ama-castings angeke athululwe, noma ngisho nokukhishwa okuphelele kungase kungenziwa.
Isistimu yokubamba i-slag engenangqondo izobangela ukuthi i-slag ingene emgodini wesikhunta futhi idale izimbobo ze-slag.
4. Ukwenza ama-slag. Uma i-slag ensimbi encibilikisiwe ingahlanzwa noma i-slag ingavinjelwanga ngesikhathi sokubunjwa, okwenza ukuthi i-slag igijime emgodini wesikhunta, izimbobo ze-slag zizovela nakanjani.
5. Ukwenziwa ngumuntu, ngenxa yokunganaki, isihlabathi asihlanzwa noma siwela ebhokisini lapho sivala ibhokisi, isihlabathi asihlanganiswa ekubunjweni, noma isilinganiso sesihlabathi singenangqondo, amandla esihlabathi akwanele, futhi ukuphonsa kuzoveza i-trachoma.
6. Ukweqa izinga lesulfure ne-phosphorus kuzodala imifantu ekubunjweni. Lapho ukhiqiza noma uqondisa ukukhiqizwa, lezi yizindaba okufanele zinakwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi yokulingisa.
Izizathu ezishiwo ngenhla ziyingxenye encane yazo. Ngenxa yokushintshashintsha kanye nokujulile kwemvelo yokukhiqiza, izinkinga okuhlangatshezwana nazo ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza zivame ukuvela. Kwesinye isikhathi kuba nenkinga futhi imbangela ayitholakali isikhathi eside.
二. Izinto ezintathu ezinkulu ezithinta ubulukhuni bensimbi empunga
Njengesilinganiso esibalulekile sekhwalithi engaphezulu ye-grey cast iron, ukugoqa okuphezulu akunqumi kuphela ukubukeka okuhle kwezingxenye zensimbi ezimpunga, kodwa futhi kunomthelela omkhulu kukhwalithi yemishini yomshini kanye nempilo yesevisi yezingxenye zensimbi ezimpunga. . Lo mbhalo ugxile ekuhlaziyeni ukuthi ungathuthukisa kanjani ubulukhuni obungaphezulu bezingxenye zensimbi ezimpunga ezicini ezintathu: amathuluzi omshini, amathuluzi okusika, nemingcele yokusika.
1. Umthelela wamathuluzi omshini ebusweni obumangelengele bezingxenye zensimbi ezimpunga
Izinto ezifana nokungaqini kahle kwethuluzi lomshini, ukunemba okungalungile kwe-spindle, ukulungiswa okubuthakathaka kwethuluzi lomshini, kanye nezikhala ezinkulu phakathi kwezingxenye ezihlukahlukene zethuluzi lomshini kuzothinta ubulukhuni obungaphezulu bezingxenye zensimbi ezimpunga.
Isibonelo: uma ukunemba kokuphuma kwethuluzi lokuphotha lomshini kungu-0.002mm, okuwu-2 micron runout, ngokombono akwenzeki umshini ucezu lokusebenza olunobunzima obungaphansi kuka-0.002mm. Ngokuvamile, ama-workpiece anobushelelezi be-Ra1.0 alungile. Icubungule. Ngaphezu kwalokho, insimbi empunga ngokwayo iwukubunjwa, ngakho-ke ayikwazi ukucutshungulwa ngobulukhuni obuphezulu obuphezulu kalula njengezingxenye zensimbi. Ukwengeza, izimo zethuluzi lomshini ngokwazo zimbi, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukukhahlamezeka kwendawo.
Ukuqina kwethuluzi lomshini ngokuvamile kumiswa efekthri futhi akukwazi ukushintshwa. Ngaphezu kokuqina kwethuluzi lomshini, imvume yokuphotha ingashintshwa, ukunemba kokuthwala kungathuthukiswa, njll. ukwenza imvume yethuluzi lomshini ibe mncane, ngaleyo ndlela ithole ubulukhuni obuphezulu obuphezulu ngesikhathi sokucubungula izingxenye zensimbi ezimpunga. i-degree iqinisekisiwe ngezinga elithile.
2.Umthelela wamathuluzi okusika ekuqineni komhlaba kwezingxenye zensimbi ezimpunga
Ukukhetha impahla yamathuluzi
Lapho ukuhlobana phakathi kwama-molecule ensimbi wento esetshenziswayo kanye nokokusebenza okuzocutshungulwa kuphezulu, okokusebenza okuzocutshungulwa kulula ukukuhlanganisa nethuluzi ukwenza unqenqema olwakhelwe phezulu kanye ne-scaly. Ngakho-ke, uma ukunamathela kubi kakhulu noma ukungqubuzana kubi kakhulu, ubulukhuni obungaphezulu buzoba bukhulu, futhi ngokuphambene nalokho. . Lapho ucubungula izingxenye zensimbi ezimpunga, kunzima ukufakwa kwe-carbide ukuze kufinyelele ubulukhuni obuphezulu be-Ra1.6. Ngisho noma ingafinyelelwa, impilo yayo yamathuluzi izoncishiswa kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, amathuluzi e-CBN enziwe nge-BNK30 ane-coefficient ephansi yokungqubuzana kwezinto zamathuluzi kanye nokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kakhulu. Ukuzinza nokumelana nokugqoka, ukugoqa okungaphezulu kwe-Ra1.6 kungacutshungulwa kalula ngesivinini sokusika izikhathi eziningana ngaphezu kwe-carbide. Ngasikhathi sinye, impilo yamathuluzi iphindwe kaningi kuneyamathuluzi e-carbide, futhi ukukhanya okungaphezulu kuthuthukiswa nge-Magnitude eyodwa.
Ukukhethwa kwepharamitha yejiyomethri yethuluzi
Phakathi kwethuluzi lamapharamitha ejiyomethri anomthelela omkhulu ekuqineni kwendawo kukhona i-engeli eyinhloko yokwehla engu-Kr, i-engeli yesibili yokwehla engu-Kr' kanye ne-arc radius re yethuluzi lethiphu. Lapho ama-engeli e-declination ayinhloko kanye nesibili amancane, ukuphakama kwendawo esele yendawo ecutshunguliwe nakho kuncane, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa ukuqina kwendawo; i-engeli ye-declination encane encane, i-engeli ephansi ye-declination ephansi, i-engeli ephansi ye-surface, kodwa ukunciphisa i-engeli yesibili yokwehliswa kuzodala ukudlidliza, ngakho-ke ukuncipha I-engeli yesibili yokuchezuka kufanele inqunywe ngokuvumelana nokuqina kwethuluzi lomshini. Umthelela we-tool tip arc radius re on surface roughness: Uma kabusha kukhula lapho ukuqina kuvuma, ukuhwashala kwengaphezulu kuzokwehla. Ukwengeza u-re kuyindlela enhle yokunciphisa ukuhwaqeka kwendawo. Ngakho-ke, ukwehlisa i-engeli eyinhloko yokwehla engu-Kr, i-engeli yesibili yokwehliswa engu-Kr' nokwandisa ithiphu ye-arc radius r kunganciphisa ubude bendawo esele, ngaleyo ndlela kwehlise ubulukhuni obungaphezulu.
Onjiniyela bamathuluzi bathe, “Kuyatuswa ukukhetha i-arc angle yethiphu yethuluzi ngokusekelwe ekuqineni nasekuqineni kwezidingo zomsebenzisi okufanele zicutshungulwe. Uma ukuqina kuhle, zama ukukhetha i-angle enkulu ye-arc, engeke ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokucubungula, kodwa futhi ithuthukise isiphetho esiphezulu. "Kodwa lapho kuyisicefe noma kusikwa amashafu azacile noma izingxenye ezinezindonga ezincane, i-arc radius yethuluzi elincane ivame ukusetshenziswa ngenxa yokungaqini kahle kwesistimu."
Ukugqokwa kwamathuluzi
Ukugqoka kwamathuluzi okusika kuhlukaniswe ngezigaba ezintathu: ukugqoka kokuqala, ukugqoka okuvamile nokugqoka okunzima. Uma ithuluzi lingena esigabeni sokuguga okunzima, izinga lokugqoka kwe-flank lamathuluzi likhuphuka kakhulu, isistimu ivama ukungazinzi, ukudlidliza kuyanda, futhi ububanzi obushintshayo bobulukhuni bendawo bukhuphuka kakhulu.
Emkhakheni we-grey cast iron, izingxenye eziningi zikhiqizwa ngamaqoqo, adinga ukuhambisana kwekhwalithi ephezulu kanye nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza. Ngakho-ke, izinkampani eziningi zemishini zikhetha ukushintsha amathuluzi ngaphandle kokulinda amathuluzi ukuze afinyelele esigabeni sesithathu sokugqoka okunzima, okubizwa nangokuthi impoqo. Lapho zishintsha amathuluzi, izinkampani ezisebenza ngomshini zizohlola amathuluzi ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuze zinqume iphuzu elibalulekile, elingaqinisekisa izidingo zokuqina kwendawo kanye nokunemba kobukhulu bensimbi empunga ngaphandle kokuthikameze ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza sekukonke.
3.Ithonya lokusika amapharamitha ebusweni obuqinile bezingxenye zensimbi ezimpunga.
Ukukhethwa okuhlukile kwemingcele yokusika kunomthelela omkhulu ekuqineni kwendawo futhi kufanele kunakwe ngokwanele. Ukuqeda kuyinqubo ebalulekile yokuqinisekisa ubulukhuni obungaphezulu bezingxenye zensimbi ezimpunga. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sokuqeda, imingcele yokusika kufanele ibe ngokuyinhloko ukuqinisekisa ubulukhuni obungaphezulu bezingxenye zensimbi ezimpunga, kucatshangelwa ukukhiqiza nokuphila kwamathuluzi adingekayo. Ukujula kokusika kokuqedela kunqunywa umkhawulo ongakwesokunxele ngemva komshini onzima ngokusekelwe ekunembeni komshini kanye nezidingo zokuqina kwendawo. Ngokuvamile, ukujula kokusika kulawulwa ngaphakathi kwe-0.5mm. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uma nje ukuqina kwethuluzi lomshini kuvumela, ukusebenza kokusika kwethuluzi kungasetshenziswa ngokugcwele futhi isivinini sokusika esiphezulu singasetshenziselwa umshini wejubane eliphezulu wezingxenye zensimbi ezimpunga.
4. Umthelela wezinye izici ebusweni obumangelengele bezingxenye zensimbi ezimpunga
Isibonelo, izingxenye zensimbi ezimpunga ngokwazo zineziphambeko ezithile zokuphonsa, ukukhethwa koketshezi lokusika okungenangqondo, nezindlela ezihlukene zokucubungula kuzothinta ubulukhuni bezingxenye zensimbi empunga.
Onjiniyela bamathuluzi bathe, “Ngaphezu kwezici ezintathu ezinkulu zamathuluzi omshini, amathuluzi okusika, nemingcele yokusika, izici ezifana noketshezi lokusika, izingxenye zensimbi ezimpunga ngokwazo, kanye nezindlela zokucubungula nazo zinomthelela othile ekuqineni komhlaba okumpunga. izingxenye zensimbi eziphonsiwe, ezifana nokujika, ukugaya, Lapho izingxenye zensimbi ezimpunga ziyisicefe, amathuluzi e-CBN angakwazi futhi umshini ubulukhuni obuphezulu be-Ra0.8 uma ithuluzi lomshini, imingcele yokusika nezinye izici zikuvumela, kodwa kuzoba nomthelela impilo yamathuluzi. Imininingwane idinga ukwahlulelwa ngokuya ngezimo zangempela zokucubungula. “.
5. Isifinyezo
Uma kubhekwa iqiniso lokuthi ukuhwalala kwengaphezulu kunomthelela oqondile ekusebenzeni kwezingxenye zomshini, futhi izici ezithinta ukuhwashaza kwendawo ekukhiqizeni kwangempela zivela ezicini eziningi, kuyadingeka ukuthi kucatshangelwe zonke izici futhi kwenziwe ukulungisa okongayo okwengeziwe ubulukhuni njengoba kudingeka izidingo ezifanele.
三, Ungayithuthukisa kanjani i-surface finish of castings (i-ductile iron castings)
Ukuqhunyiswa kwesihlabathi
Ubuciko:
Geza ngophethiloli (120#) bese womisa ngomoya ocindezelweyo → Ukuqhuma kwesihlabathi → Vuthela isihlabathi ngomoya ocindezelekile → Faka futhi ulengise → Ukugqwala okubuthakathaka → Hlanza ngamanzi abandayo agelezayo → I-Electro-galvanize noma i-chrome eqinile.
Inqubo yokugqwala ebuthakathaka: w (i-sulfuric acid) = 5% ~ 10%, izinga lokushisa legumbi, 5 ~ 10s.
Izindlela zokuhlanza nokuhlanza
Uma umsebenzi wokusebenza ungavunyelwe ukuthi uqhunyiswe ngesanti ngenxa yezidingo ezikhethekile zokunemba noma ukuqedwa kwendawo, izindlela zokuqopha nokukhuhla kuphela ezingasetshenziswa ukuze kuhlanzeke indawo.
isinyathelo:
①Ukukhuhla uphethiloli (120#). Uma kusetshenziswa izinto zokusebenza ezinamafutha noma uphethiloli ongcolile, zigeze futhi ngophethiloli ohlanzekile ongu-120#.
② Komisa ngomoya ocindezelwe.
③Ukuguguleka. w (i-hydrochloric acid) = 15%, w (i-hydrofluoric acid) = 5%, izinga lokushisa legumbi, kuze kube yilapho kukhishwa ukugqwala. Uma kunokugqwala okuningi futhi isikali se-oxide sishubile, kufanele kusulwe ngomshini kuqala. Isikhathi se-etching akufanele sibe side kakhulu, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzokwenza kalula i-hydrogenation ye-substrate futhi iveze ikhabhoni yamahhala eningi ngaphezulu, okuholela ekuhlulekeni okuyingxenye noma okuphelele kokugqoka i-coating.
④ Ukuxubha nge-lime slurry kungaveza ngokugcwele i-crystal lattice ebusweni bomsebenzi futhi kuthole ukunamathela okunamandla okubopha okuhle.
⑤ Hlanza futhi usule. Susa i-lime enamathela phezulu.
⑥ Ukufakwa nokulenga. Izingxenye ze-cast iron zine-conductivity engalungile kagesi, ngakho-ke kufanele zithintane ngokuqinile lapho zifakiwe futhi zilengiswa. Kufanele kube nezindawo zokuxhumana eziningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Ibanga phakathi kwama-workpieces kufanele libe likhudlwana ngokuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-0.3 kunezingxenye ze-electroplated ezenziwe ngezinye izinto.
⑦Ukwenza kusebenze. Inhloso yokwenza kusebenze ukukhipha ifilimu ye-oxide eyakhiwe ngesikhathi sokukhuhla, ukukhwezwa nezinye izinqubo. Izimo zefomula nenqubo: w (i-sulfuric acid) = 5% ~ 10%, w (hydrofluoric acid) = 5% ~ 7%, izinga lokushisa legumbi, 5 ~ 10s.
⑧Geza ngamanzi ahambayo.
⑨I-Electro-zinc plating noma i-chromium eqinile.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-26-2024
