Abstract: Umthelela wezinqubo ezahlukene zokwelashwa kokushisa ekusebenzeni kwezinto ezibonakalayo ze-ZG06Cr13Ni4Mo zafundwa. Ukuhlolwa kukhombisa ukuthi ngemva kokwelashwa kokushisa ku-1 010℃ normalizing + 605℃ primary tempering + 580℃ tempering yesibili, impahla ifinyelela inkomba yokusebenza engcono kakhulu. Isakhiwo sayo siyi-low-carbon martensite + i-reverse transformation austenite, enamandla amakhulu, ukuqina kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi kanye nobulukhuni obufanele. Ihlangabezana nezidingo zokusebenza komkhiqizo ekusetshenzisweni kokukhiqizwa kokwelashwa kokushisa kwe-blade enkulu.
Amagama angukhiye: ZG06Cr13NI4Mo; insimbi engagqwali martensitic; blade
Ama-blade amakhulu ayizingxenye ezibalulekile kuma-hydropower turbines. Izimo zesevisi yezingxenye zinzima kakhulu, futhi zingaphansi komthelela wokugeleza kwamanzi okucindezela okukhulu, ukuguga nokuguguleka isikhathi eside. Izinto ezibonakalayo zikhethwa ku-ZG06Cr13Ni4Mo insimbi engagqwali ye-martensitic enezakhiwo ezinhle ezibanzi zemishini nokumelana nokugqwala. Ngokuthuthukiswa kwamandla kagesi kanye nokusakazwa okuhlobene maqondana nesilinganiso esikhulu, izidingo eziphakeme zibekwe phambili ukuze kusetshenziswe izinto zensimbi engagqwali njenge-ZG06Cr13Ni4Mo. Kuze kube manje, kuhlanganiswe nesivivinyo sokukhiqiza se-ZG06C r13N i4M o izindwani ezinkulu zebhizinisi lasekhaya lemishini yamandla kagesi, ngokulawulwa kwangaphakathi kokwakheka kwamakhemikhali, inqubo yokwelashwa kokushisa ukuqhathanisa ukuhlolwa nokuhlaziywa komphumela wokuhlola, i-normalizing eyodwa elungiselelwe + ukushisa okushisayo okuphindwe kabili. inqubo yokwelapha ye-ZG06C r13N i4M o impahla yensimbi engagqwali yanqunywa ukukhiqiza ukulingisa okuhlangabezana nezidingo zokusebenza okuphezulu.
1 Ukulawula kwangaphakathi kokwakheka kwamakhemikhali
I-ZG06C r13N i4M o impahla iyinsimbi engenasici eqinile ye-martensitic, edingekayo ukuze ibe nemishini ephezulu kanye nokuba qinile komthelela wezinga lokushisa eliphansi. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwento, ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwakulawulwa ngaphakathi, kudinga i-w (C) ≤ 0.04%, w (P) ≤ 0.025%, w (S) ≤ 0.08%, futhi okuqukethwe kwegesi kwakulawulwa. Ithebula 1 libonisa ububanzi bokwakheka kwamakhemikhali kokulawula kwangaphakathi okubalulekile kanye nemiphumela yokuhlaziya yokwakheka kwamakhemikhali esampula, futhi Ithebula 2 libonisa izimfuneko zokulawula kwangaphakathi kokuqukethwe kwegesi yezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nemiphumela yokuhlaziya yesampula yokuqukethwe kwegesi.
Ithebula 1 Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali (ingxenye enkulu, %)
| isici | C | Mn | Si | P | S | Ni | Cr | Mo | Cu | Al |
| imfuneko ejwayelekile | ≤0.06 | ≤1.0 | ≤0.80 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.025 | 3.5-5.0 | 11.5-13.5 | 0.4-1.0 | ≤0.5 |
|
| Izithako Ukulawula Kwangaphakathi | ≤0.04 | 0.6-0.9 | 1.4-0.7 | ≤0.025 | ≤0.008 | 4.0-5.0 | 12.0-13.0 | 0.5-0.7 | ≤0.5 | ≤0.040 |
| Hlaziya imiphumela | 0.023 | 1.0 | 0.57 | 0.013 | 0.005 | 4.61 | 13.0 | 0.56 | 0.02 | 0.035 |
Ithebula 2 Okuqukethwe kwegesi (ppm)
| igesi | H | O | N |
| Izidingo zokulawula kwangaphakathi | ≤2.5 | ≤80 | ≤150 |
| Hlaziya imiphumela | 1.69 | 68.6 | 119.3 |
I-ZG06C r13N i4M o impahla yancibilika esithandweni sikagesi esingu-30 t, yacwengwa esithandweni somlilo esingu-25T LF ukuze kuhlanganiswe ingxubevange, ukulungisa ukwakheka kanye nezinga lokushisa, yakhishwa futhi yashiswa umlilo esithandweni esingu-25T VOD, ngaleyo ndlela kwatholwa insimbi encibilikisiwe enekhabhoni encibilikisiwe, ukwakheka okufanayo, ukuhlanzeka okuphezulu, nokuqukethwe kwegesi eyingozi ephansi. Ekugcineni, intambo ye-aluminium yasetshenziswa ukuze kukhishwe umoya-mpilo okokugcina ensimbi encibilikisiwe futhi kucwengisiswe okusanhlamvu.
2 Ukuhlolwa kwenqubo yokwelapha ukushisa
2.1 Uhlelo lokuhlola
Umzimba wokulingisa wawusetshenziswa njengomzimba wokuhlola, usayizi webhulokhi lokuhlola wawungu-70mm×70mm×230mm, futhi ukwelashwa kokuqala kokushisa kwakuthambisa i-annealing. Ngemva kokubonisana nezincwadi, imingcele yenqubo yokushisa ukushisa ekhethiwe yayiyi: izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile elingu-1 010 ℃, izinga lokushisa eliyisisekelo elingu-590 ℃, 605 ℃, 620 ℃, izinga lokushisa lesibili elingu-580 ℃, nezinqubo ezahlukene zokushisa zazisetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa okuqhathanisayo. Uhlelo lokuhlola lukhonjiswe kuThebula lesi-3.
Ithebula 3 Uhlelo lokuhlola ukwelashwa kokushisa
| Uhlelo lwesilingo | Inqubo yokuhlola ukwelashwa kokushisa | Amaphrojekthi wokulinga |
| A1 | 1 010℃I-Normalizing+620℃I-Tempering | Izakhiwo eziqinile Impact ukuqina Ukuqina HB Ukugoba izakhiwo Microstructure |
| A2 | 1 010℃Okuvamile+620℃Ukushisa+580℃Ukushisa | |
| B1 | 1 010℃I-Normalizing+620℃I-Tempering | |
| B2 | 1 010℃Okuvamile+620℃Ukushisa+580℃Ukushisa | |
| C1 | 1 010℃I-Normalizing+620℃I-Tempering | |
| C2 | 1 010℃Okuvamile+620℃Ukushisa+580℃Ukushisa |
2.2 Ukuhlaziywa kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa
2.2.1 Ukuhlaziywa kokwakheka kwamakhemikhali
Kusukela kumiphumela yokuhlaziya yokwakheka kwamakhemikhali nokuqukethwe kwegesi kuThebula 1 kanye neThebula 2, izici eziyinhloko nokuqukethwe kwegesi kuhambisana nebanga lokulawula ukwakheka okulungiselelwe.
2.2.2 Ukuhlaziywa kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa kokusebenza
Ngemuva kokwelashwa okushisa ngokwezinhlelo zokuhlola ezihlukene, ukuhlolwa kokuqhathanisa izakhiwo zemishini kwenziwa ngokuhambisana namazinga e-GB/T228.1-2010, GB/T229-2007, kanye ne-GB/T231.1-2009. Imiphumela yokuhlolwa ikhonjiswe kuThebula 4 kanye neThebula lesi-5.
Ithebula 4 Ukuhlaziywa kwezakhiwo zemishini yezinhlelo ezihlukene zenqubo yokwelapha ukushisa
| Uhlelo lwesilingo | Rp0.2/Mpa | Rm/Mpa | A/％ | Z/％ | AKV/J(0℃) | Inani lokuqina HBW |
| ejwayelekile | ≥550 | ≥750 | ≥15 | ≥35 | ≥50 | 210~290 |
| A1 | 526 | 786 | 21.5 | 71 | 168, 160,168 | 247 |
| A2 | 572 | 809 | 26 | 71 | 142, 143,139 | 247 |
| B1 | 588 | 811 | 21.5 | 71 | 153, 144,156 | 250 |
| B2 | 687 | 851 | 23 | 71 | 172, 165,176 | 268 |
| C1 | 650 | 806 | 23 | 71 | 147, 152, 156 | 247 |
| C2 | 664 | 842 | 23.5 | 70 | 147,141,139 | 263 |
Ithebula 5 Ukuhlolwa kokugoba
| Uhlelo lwesilingo | Ukuhlola ukugoba (d=25,a=90°) | ukuhlola |
| B1 | I-Crack5.2 × 1.2mm | Ukwehluleka |
| B2 | Ayikho imifantu | abafanelekile |
Kusukela ekuqhathanisweni nasekuhlaziyweni kwezakhiwo zemishini: (1) I-normalizing + tempering heat treatment, impahla ingathola izakhiwo ezingcono zemishini, okubonisa ukuthi impahla inokuqina okuhle. (2) Ngemuva kokujwayelekile ukwelashwa kokushisa, amandla okukhiqiza kanye nepulasitiki (i-elongation) ye-double tempering iyathuthukiswa uma kuqhathaniswa nokufutheka okukodwa. (3) Kusukela ekuhlolweni nasekuhlaziyeni kokusebenza okugobayo, ukusebenza kokugoba kwe-B1 normalizing + inqubo yokuhlola ukufutheka okukodwa akufanelekile, kanye nokusebenza kokuhlolwa kokugoba kwenqubo yokuhlola ye-B2 ngemva kokufutheka kabili kuyafaneleka. (4) Kusukela ekuqhathanisweni kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa yamazinga okushisa ayi-6 ahlukene, uhlelo lwenqubo ye-B2 engu-1 010℃ normalizing + 605℃ ukufudumala okukodwa + 580℃ ukufudumala kwesibili kunezinto ezingcono kakhulu zemishini, ezinamandla okukhiqiza angu-687MPa, ubude. okungama-23%, ukuqina komthelela okungaphezulu kokungu-160J kokuthi 0℃, ubulukhuni obumaphakathi obungu-268HB, nokusebenza okugoba okufanelekayo, konke kuhlangabezana nezimfuneko zokusebenza zezinto.
2.2.3 Ukuhlaziywa kwesakhiwo se-metallographic
Isakhiwo se-metallographic sezinqubo zokuhlola ze-B1 kanye ne-B2 sahlaziywa ngokuya nge-GB/T13298-1991 standard. Umfanekiso 1 ukhombisa ukwakheka kwe-metallographic kokujwayelekile + 605 ℃ okokuqala ngqa, futhi Umfanekiso 2 ukhombisa ukwakheka kwe-metallographic kokujwayelekile + ukufudumala kokuqala + ukufudumala kwesibili. Kusukela ekuhlolweni nasekuhlaziyweni kwe-metallographic, isakhiwo esiyinhloko se-ZG06C r13N i4M o ngemva kokwelashwa kokushisa yi-low-carbon lath martensite + i-austenite eguquliwe. Kusukela ekuhlaziyweni kwesakhiwo se-metallographic, izinqwaba ze-lath martensite zezinto ngemva kokufudumeza kokuqala ziba mkhulu futhi zinde. Ngemuva kokushisa kwesibili, isakhiwo se-matrix sishintsha kancane, isakhiwo se-martensite sibuye sihlanjululwe kancane, futhi isakhiwo sifana kakhulu; mayelana nokusebenza, amandla esivuno kanye nepulasitiki kuthuthukiswa ngezinga elithile.
Umfanekiso 1 ZG06Cr13Ni4Mo normalizing + one tempering microstructure
Umfanekiso 2 ZG06Cr13Ni4Mo normalizing + isakhiwo se-metallographic esishisayo kabili
2.2.4 Ukuhlaziywa kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa
1) Ukuhlolwa kuqinisekisile ukuthi i-ZG06C r13N i4M o impahla inokuqina okuhle. Ngokusebenzisa ukwelashwa kokushisa okujwayelekile +, okokusebenza kungathola izakhiwo ezinhle zemishini; amandla okukhiqiza kanye nezakhiwo zepulasitiki (i-elongation) ye-temerings emibili ngemva kokujwayelekile ukwelashwa kokushisa kuphakeme kakhulu kunaleyo yokushisa okukodwa.
2) Ukuhlaziywa kokuhlolwa kufakazela ukuthi ukwakheka kwe-ZG06C r13N i4M o ngemuva kokujwayelekile kuyi-martensite, futhi ukwakheka ngemuva kokushisa kuyi-low-carbon lath tempered martensite + i-austenite ehlehlisiwe. I-austenite ehlanekezelwe esakhiweni esishisayo inokuqina okuphezulu kokushisa futhi inomthelela obalulekile ezakhini zemishini, izakhiwo zomthelela kanye nezakhiwo zenqubo yokukhipha kanye ne-welding yezinto ezibonakalayo. Ngakho-ke, impahla inamandla aphezulu, ukuqina kwepulasitiki ephezulu, ubulukhuni obufanele, ukumelana nokuqhekeka okuhle kanye nezakhiwo ezinhle zokuphonsa kanye ne-welding ngemva kokwelashwa kokushisa.
3) Hlaziya izizathu zokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwesibili kokushisa kwe-ZG06C r13N i4M o. Ngemuva kokujwayelekile, ukushisa nokugcinwa kokushisa, i-ZG06C r13N i4M o yenza i-austenite ehlanjululwe kahle ngemva kwe-austenitization, bese ishintsha ibe yi-low-carbon martensite ngemva kokupholisa ngokushesha. Ekufudumeni kokuqala, i-supersaturated carbon ku-martensite idlula ngendlela ye-carbides, ngaleyo ndlela inciphisa amandla ezinto ezibonakalayo futhi ithuthukise ipulasitiki kanye nokuqina kwempahla. Ngenxa yokushisa okuphezulu kwe-temering yokuqala, ukushisa kokuqala kukhiqiza i-austenite ehle kakhulu ehle kakhulu ngaphezu kwe-martensite epholile. Lawa ma-austenite ahlehlayo aguqulwa ngokwengxenye abe yi-martensite ngesikhathi sokupholisa ukushisa, ehlinzeka ngezimo ze-nucleation kanye nokukhula kwe-austenite ehlanekezelayo ezinzile ekhiqizwa futhi phakathi nenqubo yesibili yokufutheka. Inhloso yokufutheka kwesibili ukuthola i-austenite ehlehlayo eyanele. Lawa ma-austenite ahlehlayo angashintsha isigaba ngesikhathi sokuguqulwa kwepulasitiki, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe amandla kanye nepulasitiki yezinto. Ngenxa yezimo ezilinganiselwe, akunakwenzeka ukubuka nokuhlaziya i-austenite ehlanekezelwe, ngakho-ke lokhu kuhlolwa kufanele kuthathe izakhiwo zemishini kanye ne-microstructure njengezinto zocwaningo eziyinhloko zokuhlaziya okuqhathanisayo.
3 Isicelo sokukhiqiza
I-ZG06C r13N i4M o iyinsimbi eqinile eqinile engagqwali esebenza kahle kakhulu. Lapho ukukhiqizwa kwangempela kwama-blades kwenziwa, ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kanye nezidingo zokulawula zangaphakathi ezinqunywe ukuhlolwa, kanye nenqubo yokwelashwa kokushisa kwe-normalizing yesibili + tempering isetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa. Inqubo yokwelapha ukushisa ikhonjisiwe kuMfanekiso 3. Njengamanje, ukukhiqizwa kwama-blade amakhulu aphehlwa ngamanzi ayi-10 sekuqediwe, futhi ukusebenza sekuhlangabezane nezidingo zomsebenzisi. Baphumelele ekuhlolweni kabusha komsebenzisi futhi bathole ukuhlolwa okuhle.
Ukuze uthole izici zama-curved blades ayinkimbinkimbi, ubukhulu be-contour enkulu, amakhanda e-shaft aminyene, nokuguqulwa okulula nokuqhekeka, ezinye izinyathelo zenqubo zidinga ukuthathwa enqubo yokwelapha ukushisa:
1) Ikhanda le-shaft libheke phansi futhi i-blade iphezulu. Uhlelo lokulayisha isithando somlilo luyamukelwa ukuze lube lula ukuguquguquka okuncane, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 4;
2) Qinisekisa ukuthi kukhona igebe elikhulu elanele phakathi kokulingisa naphakathi kokusakazwa kanye nepuleti lensimbi ephansi ye-pad ukuze uqinisekise ukupholisa, futhi uqinisekise ukuthi ikhanda le-shaft eliwugqinsi lihlangabezana nezidingo zokutholwa kwe-ultrasonic;
3) Isiteji sokushisa se-workpiece sihlukaniswe izikhathi eziningi ukuze kuncishiswe ukucindezeleka kwenhlangano kokusakazwa ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisa ukuvimbela ukuqhekeka.
Ukuqaliswa kwezinyathelo zokwelashwa ezingenhla kuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokwelashwa kokushisa kwe-blade.
Umfanekiso 3 ZG06Cr13Ni4Mo inqubo yokwelapha ukushisa kweblade
Umfanekiso 4 Isikimu sokulayisha isithando somlilo se-blade
4 Iziphetho
I-1) Ngokusekelwe ekulawuleni kwangaphakathi ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali wezinto ezibonakalayo, ngokuhlolwa kwenqubo yokwelapha ukushisa, kunqunywa ukuthi inqubo yokwelapha ukushisa kwe-ZG06C r13N i4M o impahla yensimbi engenasici enamandla kakhulu iyinqubo yokwelapha ukushisa kwe-1. 010℃ normalizing + 605℃ primary tempering + 580℃ secondary tempering, engaqinisekisa ukuthi izakhiwo zemishini, izakhiwo zomthelela wezinga lokushisa eliphansi kanye nezindawo ezibandayo zokugoba zezinto zokuphonsa zihlangabezana nezidingo ezijwayelekile.
2) ZG06C r13N i4M o impahla inokuqina okuhle. Isakhiwo ngemva kokujwayelekile + ukwelashwa kokushisa okushisayo okuphindwe kabili kuyi-low-carbon lath martensite + i-reverse austenite esebenza kahle, enamandla amakhulu, ukuqina kwepulasitiki ephezulu, ubulukhuni obufanele, ukumelana nokuqhekeka okuhle nokusebenza okuhle kokusakazwa nokushisela.
3) Uhlelo lokwelashwa kokushisa lokujwayelekile + ukuthambisa okuphindwe kabili okunqunywe ukuhlolwa lusetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni inqubo yokushisa ukushisa kwama-blade amakhulu, futhi izakhiwo ezibonakalayo zonke zihlangabezana nezidingo ezijwayelekile zomsebenzisi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-28-2024
