Ngokungeza inani elithile lezinto ezithile ze-alloying ukuphonsa insimbi, i-alloy cast iron enokumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu kweminye imidiya ingatholakala. High Silicon cast iron ingenye esetshenziswa kakhulu. Uchungechunge lwama-ayina e-alloy cast aqukethe i-silicon engu-10% kuya ku-16% abizwa ngokuthi izinsimbi eziphezulu ze-silicon cast. Ngaphandle kwezinhlobo ezimbalwa eziqukethe u-10% kuya ku-12% we-silicon, okuqukethwe kwe-silicon ngokuvamile kusuka ku-14% kuya ku-16%. Lapho okuqukethwe kwe-silicon kungaphansi kuka-14.5%, izakhiwo zemishini zingathuthukiswa, kodwa ukumelana nokugqwala kuyancipha kakhulu. Uma okuqukethwe kwe-silicon kufinyelela ngaphezu kuka-18%, nakuba ikwazi ukumelana nokugqwala, ingxubevange iba brittle kakhulu futhi ayifanele ukuphonswa. Ngakho-ke, esetshenziswa kakhulu embonini insimbi ephezulu ye-silicon cast equkethe i-silicon engu-14.5% kuya ku-15%. [1]
Amagama okuhweba angaphandle ensimbi ekhonjiwe ye-silicon ephezulu yi-Duriron ne-Durichlor (equkethe i-molybdenum), futhi ukwakheka kwawo kwamakhemikhali kunjengoba kukhonjisiwe kuthebula elingezansi.
| imodeli | Izingxenye zamakhemikhali eziyinhloko,% | ||||||
| i-silicon | i-molybdenum | i-chromium | manganese | isibabule | i-phosphorus | insimbi | |
| Insimbi ephezulu ye-silicon cast | 14.25 | - | - | 0.50-0.56 | 〈0.05 | 〈0.1 | Hlala |
| I-Molybdenum equkethe insimbi ephezulu ye-silicon cast | 14.25 | 〉3 | 少量 | 0.65 | 〈0.05 | 〈0.1 | Hlala |
Ukumelana nokugqwala
Isizathu sokuthi kungani i-high-silicon cast iron enokuqukethwe kwe-silicon engaphezu kuka-14% inokumelana nokugqwala okuhle ukuthi i-silicon yakha ifilimu evikelayo ehlanganiswe ne-Not corrosion resistant.
Ngokuvamile, insimbi ephezulu ye-silicon inokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu emithonjeni ye-oxidizing kanye nama-asidi athile anciphisa. Ingakwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa ahlukahlukene kanye nokugxila kwe-nitric acid, i-sulfuric acid, i-acetic acid, i-hydrochloric acid ekushiseni okujwayelekile, ama-fatty acids neminye imidiya eminingi. ukugqwala. Ayimelani nokugqwala ngemidiya efana ne-high-temperature hydrochloric acid, i-sulfurous acid, i-hydrofluoric acid, i-halogen, i-caustic alkali solution kanye ne-alkali encibilikisiwe. Isizathu sokuntuleka kokumelana nokugqwala ukuthi ifilimu evikelayo ebusweni iyancibilika ngaphansi kwesenzo se-alkali ye-caustic, futhi iba yigesi ngaphansi kwesenzo se-hydrofluoric acid, esibhubhisa ifilimu evikelayo.
Izakhiwo zemishini
I-high-silicon cast iron iqinile futhi iyashwabana futhi inezakhiwo ezingasebenzi kahle. Kufanele igweme ukuthwala umthelela futhi ayikwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza imikhumbi yokucindezela. Ukusakaza ngokuvamile akukwazi ukwenziwa ngomshini ngaphandle kokugaya.
Ukusebenza komshini
Ukwengeza izakhi ezithile ze-alloying ku-silicon cast iron ephezulu kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kwayo komshini. Ukwengeza ingxubevange ye-magnesium yomhlaba ensimbi ephezulu ye-silicon equkethe i-silicon engu-15% ingahlanza futhi ikhiphe igesi, ithuthukise ukwakheka kwe-matrix yensimbi ekhonjiwe, futhi i-spheroidize i-graphite, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise amandla, ukumelana nokugqwala nokusebenza kokucubungula kwensimbi ekhonjiwe; kokulingisa Ukusebenza nakho sekuthuthukile. Ngaphezu kokugaya, le nsimbi ye-silicon ephezulu ingabuye iguqulwe, ithephe, ibhojwe futhi ilungiswe ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Kodwa-ke, ayikafaneleki ukupholisa okungazelelwe kanye nokushisa okungazelelwe; ukumelana nokugqwala kwayo kungcono kunokwensimbi evamile ene-silicon ephezulu. , imidiya eguquliwe iyafana ngokuyisisekelo.
Ukwengeza ithusi elingu-6.5% ukuya ku-8.5% kunsimbi ephezulu ye-silicon equkethe u-13.5% kuya ku-15% we-silicon kungathuthukisa ukusebenza komshini. Ukumelana nokugqwala kufana nalokhu kwensimbi evamile ye-silicon cast iron, kodwa kubi kakhulu ku-nitric acid. Le nto ifaneleka ukwenza ama-pump impellers nemikhono ephikisana nokugqwala okuqinile nokugqoka. Ukusebenza komshini kungabuye kuthuthukiswe ngokunciphisa okuqukethwe kwe-silicon nokwengeza izakhi ze-alloying. Ukwengeza i-chromium, ithusi nezinto ezingavamile zomhlaba ku-silicon cast iron equkethe i-silicon engu-10% ukuya ku-12% (ebizwa ngokuthi i-ferrosilicon ephakathi) ingathuthukisa ukubola nokusebenziseka kwayo. Ingaguqulwa, ibhojwe, ithephe, njll., futhi emithonjeni eminingi yezindaba, ukumelana nokugqwala kuseseduze nalokho kwensimbi ephezulu ye-silicon cast.
Ku-silicon cast iron ephakathi nendawo enokuqukethwe kwe-silicon okungu-10% kuya ku-11%, kanye no-1% kuya ku-2.5% molybdenum, 1.8% kuya ku-2.0% yethusi kanye no-0.35% wezinto zomhlaba eziyivelakancane, ukusebenza komshini kuyathuthukiswa, futhi ingaguqulwa futhi ukumelana. Ukumelana nokugqwala kufana nokwensimbi ephezulu ye-silicon cast. Ukuzijwayeza kufakazele ukuthi lolu hlobo lwensimbi ekhonjiwe lusetshenziswa njenge-impeller yephampu ye-nitric acid ehlanjululwe ekukhiqizeni i-nitric acid kanye ne-impeller ye-sulfuric acid circulation pump yokomisa i-chlorine, futhi umphumela muhle kakhulu.
Ama-ayina ane-silicon ephezulu okukhulunywe ngawo ngenhla awakwazi ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-hydrochloric acid. Ngokuvamile, zingamelana nokugqwala kuphela ku-hydrochloric acid esezingeni eliphansi ekamelweni lokushisa. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nokugqwala kwensimbi ephezulu ye-silicon ephonswe ku-hydrochloric acid (ikakhulukazi i-hydrochloric acid eshisayo), okuqukethwe kwe-molybdenum kungandiswa. Isibonelo, ukwengeza u-3% kuya ku-4% we-molybdenum kunsimbi ephezulu ye-silicon enokuqukethwe kwe-silicon engu-14% kuya ku-16% kungathola i-molybdenum equkethe i-high-silicon cast iron izokwakha ifilimu yokuvikela i-molybdenum oxychloride ebusweni bokubunjwa ngaphansi umsebenzi we-hydrochloric acid. Ayincibiliki ku-hydrochloric acid, ngaleyo ndlela ikhulisa kakhulu amandla ayo okumelana ne-hydrochloric acid corrosion emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Ukumelana nokugqwala kuhlala kungashintshile kweminye imidiya. Le nsimbi eyi-silicon ephezulu ibizwa nangokuthi i-iron cast iron resistant. [1]
Ukusebenza okuphezulu kwe-silicon cast iron
I-silicon cast iron ephezulu inezinzuzo zobulukhuni obuphezulu (HRC=45) kanye nokumelana nokugqwala okuhle. Isetshenziswe njengempahla yamapheya e-mechanical seal friction ekukhiqizeni amakhemikhali. Njengoba i-cast iron iqukethe i-silicon engu-14-16%, iqinile futhi i-brittle, kunezinkinga ezithile ekuyikhiqizeni. Kodwa-ke, ngokuzijwayeza okuqhubekayo, kuye kwafakazelwa ukuthi i-high-silicon cast iron isengakwazi umshini ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile.
I-silicon cast iron ephezulu icutshungulwa ku-lathe, isivinini sokuphotha silawulwa ku-70~80 rpm, futhi okuphakelayo kwethuluzi ngu-0.01 mm. Ngaphambi kokutshala, izithombo kufanele zisuswe. Isilinganiso esiphezulu sokuphakelayo sokuphenduka okungalungile ngokuvamile singu-1.5 kuya ku-2 mm ocezu lokusebenza.
Impahla yekhanda lethuluzi eliphendukayo yi-YG3, kanti isiqu sethuluzi insimbi yamathuluzi.
Indlela yokusika ihlehla. Ngenxa yokuthi i-high-silicon cast iron i-brittle kakhulu, ukusika kwenziwa kusuka ngaphandle kuya ngaphakathi ngokusho kwezinto ezijwayelekile. Ekugcineni, amakhona azoqoshwa futhi imiphetho izohlungwa, okubangela ukuthi i-workpiece ikhishwe. Ngokomkhuba, ukusikwa okuhlanekezelwe kungasetshenziswa ukuze kugwenywe ukuchotshozwa nokuqhekeka, futhi inani lokugcina lokusika lommese okhanyayo kufanele libe lincane.
Ngenxa yokuqina okuphezulu kwe-high-silicon cast iron, umkhawulo oyinhloko wokusika wamathuluzi okuguqula uhlukile kumathuluzi okuguqula ajwayelekile, njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni kwesokudla. Izinhlobo ezintathu zamathuluzi okujika esithombeni zinama-engeli angemarekhi. Umkhawulo oyinhloko wokusika kanye nomkhawulo wokusika wesibili wethuluzi lokuguqula unama-engeli ahlukene ngokusho kokusetshenziswa okuhlukile. Isithombe a sibonisa ithuluzi lokujika eliyindilinga langaphakathi nangaphandle, i-engeli enkulu yokuchezuka A=10°, kanye ne-engeli yesibili yokuchezuka B=30°. Isithombe b sibonisa ithuluzi lokugcina, i-engeli eyinhloko yokwehla A=39°, kanye ne-engeli yesibili yokwehla engu-B=6°. Umfanekiso C ubonisa ithuluzi lokujika le-bevel, i-engeli enkulu yokuchezuka = 6°.
Izimbobo zokubhoboza ku-high-silicon cast iron ngokuvamile zicutshungulwa emshinini oyisicefe. Ijubane lokuphotha lisuka ku-25 kuye ku-30 rpm futhi inani lokuphakelayo lingu-0.09 kuya ku-0.13 mm. Uma ububanzi bokubhoboza bungu-18 kuya ku-20 mm, sebenzisa insimbi yamathuluzi enobulukhuni obuphakeme ukuze ugaye i-spiral groove. (I-groove akufanele ijule kakhulu). Ucezu lwe-YG3 carbide lushunyekwa ekhanda lika-drill bit bese luphansi endaweni ekhoneni elifanele ukubhola izinto ezijwayelekile, ngakho ukubhola kungenziwa ngokuqondile. Isibonelo, lapho ubhoboza umgodi omkhulu kuno-20 mm, ungaqala ukubhoboza izimbobo eziyi-18 kuye kwezingama-20, bese wenza i-drill bit ngokuya ngosayizi odingekayo. Inhloko ye-drill bit ishumekwe nezingcezu ezimbili ze-carbide (i-YG3 material isetshenziswa), bese igaywa ibe yi-semicircle. Khulisa imbobo noma uyiphendule ngesaber.
isicelo
Ngenxa yokumelana nokugqwala kwayo okuphezulu kwe-asidi, insimbi ephezulu ye-silicon cast isetshenziselwe kabanzi ukuvikela ukugqwala kwamakhemikhali. Ibanga elijwayeleke kakhulu yi-STSil5, esetshenziswa kakhulu ukwenza amaphampu e-centrifugal angamelana ne-asidi, amapayipi, imibhoshongo, izinto ezishintsha ukushisa, iziqukathi, amavalvu namaqhude, njll.
Ngokuvamile, i-high-silicon cast iron i-brittle, ngakho-ke kufanele kuqashelwe kakhulu ngesikhathi sokufakwa, ukugcinwa, kanye nokusetshenziswa. Ungashayi ngesando ngesikhathi sokufakwa; ukuhlanganiswa kufanele kube nenembile ukuze kugwenywe ukugxilwa kokucindezeleka kwendawo; izinguquko ezinkulu umehluko wezinga lokushisa noma ukushisa kwendawo akuvunyelwe ngokuqinile ngesikhathi sokusebenza, ikakhulukazi uma uqala, umisa noma uhlanza, isivinini sokushisisa nokupholisa kufanele sihambe kancane; akufanelekile ukusetshenziswa njengemishini yokucindezela.
Ingenziwa ibe amaphampu e-centrifugal ahlukahlukene angagqwali, amaphampu e-Nessler vacuum, amaqhude, ama-valve, amapayipi amise okwesipesheli kanye namapayipi ahlangene, amapayipi, izingalo ze-venturi, izihlukanisi zesishingishane, imibhoshongo yokukhishwa kwesikhumba nemibhoshongo emhlophe, iziko lokuhlushwa kanye nemishini yokuwasha ngaphambilini, njll. Ekukhiqizweni kwe-nitric acid egxilile, izinga lokushisa le-nitric acid liphezulu njengo-115 kuya ku-170°C uma lisetshenziswa njengekholomu yokuhlubula. Iphampu ye-nitric acid centrifugal egxilile iphatha i-nitric acid ngokugxila okufika ku-98%. Isetshenziswa njengesishintshi sokushisa nombhoshongo opakishiwe we-asidi exubile ye-sulfuric acid ne-nitric acid, futhi isesimweni esihle. Iziko ezishisisa uphethiloli ekukhiqizeni okucwengisiswayo, imibhoshongo ye-acetic anhydride distillation nemibhoshongo ye-benzene distillation yokukhiqiza i-triacetate cellulose, amaphampu e-asidi okukhiqizwa kwe-glacial acetic acid nokukhiqizwa kwe-sulfuric acid ewuketshezi, kanye namaphampu esixazululo se-asidi noma usawoti kanye namaqhude, njll. konke kusetshenziswe kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenza kahle kakhulu. I-Silicon cast iron.
I-silicon yethusi ephezulu (i-GT alloy) imelana nokugqwala kwe-alkali ne-sulfuric acid, kodwa hhayi ukugqwala kwe-nitric acid. Inokumelana ne-alkali okungcono kune-aluminium cast iron kanye nokumelana nokugqoka okuphezulu. Ingasetshenziswa kumaphampu, ama-impellers nama-bushings agqwala kakhulu futhi angaphansi kokugqokwa kwe-slurry.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-30-2024
