Phakathi nenqubo yokuqiniswa kokusakazwa, ngokuvamile kunezindawo ezintathu esigabeni sayo esiphambanayo, okungukuthi indawo eqinile, indawo yokuqinisa, kanye nendawo ewuketshezi.
Indawo yokuqinisa indawo lapho “okuqinile nokunoketshezi kuhlangana khona” phakathi kwendawo ewuketshezi nendawo eqinile. Ububanzi bayo bubizwa ngokuthi ububanzi bendawo yokuqinisa. Ububanzi bendawo yokuqinisa bunomthelela omkhulu kukhwalithi yokulingisa. Indlela yokuqinisa yokusakazwa isekelwe ebubanzini bendawo yokuqinisa eyethulwa esigabeni esiphambanayo sokusakazwa, futhi ihlukaniswe ngokuqiniswa kwesendlalelo ngesendlalelo, ukunamathisela ukuqinisa, nokuqiniswa okumaphakathi.
Ake sibheke izici zezindlela zokuqinisa ezifana nokuqiniswa kwesendlalelo nesendlalelo nokunamathisela ukuqinisa.
Ukuqina kwesendlalelo ngesendlalelo: Uma ububanzi bendawo yokuqinisa buncane kakhulu, kungokwendlela yokuqinisa isendlalelo ngesendlalelo. Ingaphambili layo lokuqiniswa lixhumene ngqo nensimbi ewuketshezi. Izinsimbi ezisendaweni encane yokuqinisa zihlanganisa izinsimbi ezimsulwa (ithusi lezimboni, i-zinc yezimboni, ithini yezimboni), ama-eutectic alloys (ama-aluminium-silicon alloys, ama-alloys aseduze-eutectic njenge-grey cast iron), nama-alloys anobubanzi obucwebezelayo obuncane (njengama-alloys). insimbi ephansi ye-carbon). , ithusi le-aluminium, ithusi elinebanga elincane le-crystallization). Amakesi ensimbi angenhla wonke ayingxenye yendlela yokuqinisa isendlalelo ngesendlalelo.
Lapho uketshezi luqina lube sesimweni esiqinile futhi luncipha ngevolumu, lungagcwaliswa ngokuqhubekayo uketshezi, futhi ukuthambekela kokukhiqiza ukuncipha okuhlakazekile kuncane, kodwa izimbobo zokushwabana ezigxilile zishiywa engxenyeni yokugcina eqinile yokubunjwa. Izimbotshana ezinciphile ezigxilile kulula ukuziqeda, ngakho-ke izakhiwo zokuncipha zinhle. Imifantu ye-intergranular ebangelwa ukuncipha okuvinjiwe igcwaliswa kalula ngensimbi encibilikisiwe ukuphulukisa imifantu, ngakho ukubunjwa akuthambekele kangako ekuqhekekeni okushisayo. Ibuye ibe nekhono elingcono lokugcwalisa lapho ukuqina kwenzeka phakathi nenqubo yokugcwalisa.
Yini i-coagulation yokunamathisela: Uma indawo yokuhlanganisa ibanzi kakhulu, ingeyendlela yokunamathisela yokunamathisela. Izinsimbi eziyingxenye ebanzi yokuqinisa zihlanganisa ama-alloys e-aluminium, ama-alloys e-magnesium (ama-alloys e-aluminium-copper, ama-alloys e-aluminium-magnesium, ama-alloys e-magnesium), ama-alloys ethusi (ithusi le-tin, ithusi le-aluminium, ithusi elinebanga lokushisa elibanzi le-crystallization), ama-alloys e-iron-carbon. (i-carbon steel ephezulu, i-ductile iron).
Lapho indawo yokuqiniswa yensimbi iba banzi, kuba nzima nakakhulu ukuthi amabhamuza kanye nezinto ezifakwa ensimbi encibilikisiwe zintante futhi zikhishwe ngesikhathi sokubunjwa, futhi kuba nzima ukuphakela. Ama-castings athambekele ekuqhekekeni okushisayo. Uma kwenzeka imifantu phakathi kwamakristalu, ayikwazi ukugcwaliswa ngensimbi ewuketshezi ukuze iwapholise. Lapho lolu hlobo lwe-alloy luqina phakathi nenqubo yokugcwalisa, ikhono layo lokugcwalisa libuye limpofu.
Kuyini ukuqina okuphakathi nendawo: Ukuqina phakathi kwendawo yokuqinisa encane nendawo yokuqinisa ebanzi kubizwa ngokuthi indawo yokuqinisa emaphakathi. Ama-alloys asendaweni emaphakathi yokuqiniswa ahlanganisa i-carbon steel, insimbi ephezulu ye-manganese, ithusi elithile elikhethekile nensimbi ekhonjiwe emhlophe. Izici zayo zokudla, ukuthambekela kokuqhekeka okushisayo kanye nekhono lokugcwalisa isikhunta kuphakathi kokuqinisa ungqimba nongqimba kanye nezindlela zokuqinisa unamathisele. Ukulawula ukuqiniswa kwalolu hlobo lokubunjwa ngokuyinhloko ukulungisa amapharamitha wenqubo, ukusungula i-gradient evumayo yokushisa engxenyeni yesiphambano sokuphonsa, ukunciphisa indawo yokuqinisa engxenyeni yesiphambano sokuphonsa, futhi uguqule imodi yokuqinisa isuka ekuqinisweni kwe-pasty iye kungqimba. -by-ungqimba ukuqina ukuze uthole castings abaqeqeshiwe.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-17-2024
